Dinosaur questions,
answered in two languages.

The titanosaur *Argentinosaurus* is the current heavyweight champion based on bone measurements — estimates reach 70–100 tonnes. *Patagotitan* and *Dreadnoughtus* are close contenders. These long-necked herbivores from South America may be the largest land animals ever.

根据骨骼测量，泰坦巨龙 *阿根廷龙* 是目前最重的恐龙冠军——估计达70–100吨。*帕塔哥巨龙* 和 *无畏龙* 也是有力竞争者。这些来自南美洲的长颈草食动物可能是陆地上有史以来最大的动物。

Adult *Tyrannosaurus* was mostly scaly, but its distant relatives *Yutyrannus* and *Dilong* had filament-like feathers. The safest answer: at least some T. rex cousins were fuzzy, and babies may have had a downy coat.

成年霸王龙大部分长有鳞片，但它的远亲 *羽王龙* 和 *帝龙* 有丝状羽毛。最稳妥的回答：至少霸王龙的一些亲戚是毛茸茸的，幼龙可能有一层绒毛。

Sauropods hold the crown. *Mamenchisaurus* had a neck estimated at 11–12 metres — longer than a double-decker bus. These necks helped them reach high vegetation without moving their massive bodies.

蜥脚类恐龙拥有此项桂冠。*马门溪龙* 的脖子估计有11–12米长——比一辆双层巴士还长。这些长脖子帮助它们不用移动巨大的身体就能吃到高处的植被。

Melanosomes — pigment-containing organelles — have been preserved in fossil feathers. Scientists compare their shape to those in modern birds. *Sinosauropteryx* showed a reddish-brown striped tail, and *Microraptor* had iridescent black plumage.

含色素的细胞器——黑色素体——在化石羽毛中得以保存。科学家将其形状与现代鸟类进行对比。*中华龙鸟* 展示出红棕色条纹尾巴，*小盗龙* 则有虹彩黑色羽毛。

No known dinosaur had the tail fluke or limb adaptations of whales or plesiosaurs. *Spinosaurus* is a partial exception — it had dense bones and a paddle-like tail, suggesting it was a capable wader and swimmer in rivers.

没有已知的恐龙拥有像鲸鱼或蛇颈龙那样的尾鳍或肢体适应。*棘龙* 是个部分例外——它有致密的骨骼和桨状尾巴，表明它可能是河流中出色的涉水和游泳者。

*Oculudentavis* was initially claimed as the smallest, but it was re-identified as a lizard. The honour may belong to bird-like dinosaurs such as *Kiwi*-sized *Anchiornis* or bee hummingbird-sized early birds like *Iberomesornis*.

*宽娅眼齿鸟* 最初被认为是最小的，但后来被重新鉴定为蜥蜴。这项荣誉可能属于像几维鸟大小的 *近鸟龙* 或蜂鸟大小的早期鸟类如 *伊比利亚鸟* 这样的类鸟恐龙。

*Compsognathus* and ostrich-mimics (*Ornithomimus*) may have hit 40–50 km/h. Heavy theropods like T. rex probably topped out around 25 km/h — faster than most humans, but not Usain Bolt.

*美颌龙* 和似鸟龙类（*似鸵龙*）可能达到40–50公里/小时。像霸王龙这样重型兽脚类恐龙的最高速度可能在25公里/小时左右——比大多数人都快，但不如博尔特。

Growth-ring studies suggest sauropods lived 50–100 years. Smaller dinosaurs such as *Troodon* may have reached maturity in 3–5 years and lived 10–20 years. Like reptiles and birds, lifespan scaled with body size.

生长环研究表明蜥脚类恐龙可活50–100年。像 *伤齿龙* 这样的小型恐龙可能在3–5年内成熟，寿命为10–20年。像爬行动物和鸟类一样，寿命与体型大小成正比。

A 10 km asteroid struck the Yucatán Peninsula 66 million years ago, causing global darkness, tsunamis, and wildfires. Non-avian dinosaurs could not survive the sudden collapse of food chains. Birds — avian dinosaurs — survived and thrive today.

6600万年前，一颗10公里大小的小行星撞击了尤卡坦半岛，导致全球黑暗、海啸和野火。非鸟类恐龙无法在食物链突然崩溃中生存下来。鸟类——即 avian 恐龙——幸存了下来，并在今天繁衍昌盛。

Browse a taxon page like *Tyrannosaurus* or *Triceratops* — each links back to peer-reviewed papers. Try the Timeline for a chronological view, or the blog for collecting guides. A full bilingual Q&A pack is coming soon.

浏览一个物种页面，如 *霸王龙* 或 *三角龙* ——每个页面都链接到同行评审的论文。试试时间线查看时间顺序，或者博客获取收藏指南。完整的中英双语问答包即将推出。